Causes of Eczema
I would like to cover every aspect of this topic. In order to keep things short I have only included the major topics detailed as good as possible.
Eczema is not caused by any particular reason, but it is by and large reasoned as allergic disease and may also be named as atopic eczema. It is connected with asthma and hay fever. If any of the family members is suffering from this disease then others will also be contaminated and may cause eczema or any of the other two. There can be various causes of eczema as stated below;
* Change in a habitue temperature or humidity.* Unlike allergies (to dust, mold, animal, etc.)* Chemical irritants: pesticides, paint strippers, alcohol, astringents, perfumes, harsh soaps, detergents and home cleaners.* Physical irritants: synthetical clothes, clothes made of wool.* Emotional stress.* Any kind of infection.
All the above things may cause or may give lift to eczema. Any link with substance that irritates the skin is known as irritant contact dermatitis. This is caused by direct contact between skin and the substance like detergent, soap, alcohol, strong chemical, cleaner, perfume, and so on another cause of eczema is the contact with substances that may cause you allergy. These are the allergens which causes the skin to be promptly sensible to any change in atmosphere.
Allergens can be chemicals like detergent powder, perfumes skin reacts it rapidly. They also include metals like nickel. Whenever you wear the nickel earrings or any ornaments made by Nickel your skin will react it .Poisons ivy, cosmetic and rubber products are also incorporated in this category. Infantile eczema is a kind eczema that often influences young babies. This kind of eczema is caused by moisture from dribble or inflammation of scalp this is very well known as cradle crap.
The cause of eczema that affects the lower portion of legs which is also known as stasis dermatitis are the varicose veins so it may be also named as varicose or gravitational eczema .There are two types of the contact dermatitis known as hypersensitive contact dermatitis and direct irritant contact dermatitis. Direct irritant contact dermatitis is caused by direct exposure to acids, alkaline, detergents and various other chemicals that could really agitate the skin and if it happens recurrently then the condition can be chronic.
This kind of dermatitis is often come crossed at workplace. While on the other hand allergic contact dermatitis is caused by the exposure of skin to allergens that may be physical or chemical matters .There is an significant deviation between the two, for allergic contact dermatitis the exposure is necessary for infection to get caused while for direct irritant contact dermatitis it happens in first exposure like when you first came in contact with the chemicals and you feel unconscious. Additional causes of eczema may be the issue of chemical reactions within human body.
These include seborrhoeic dermatitis, Atopic dermatitis, discoid or nummular, dishydrotic or pompholyx eczema and varicose dermatitis. Eczema causes number of symptoms. All types of eczema exclude seborrhoeic have few distinctive symptoms such as etching. The typical symptoms are skin redness, weeping of skin, inflammation, pain, tenderness, and scaling, crusting, dryness, fissures and vesicles takes place. Any kind of damage to epidermis and the upper layer of skin can cause it to get thicken and dry. This is also known as lichenification.
I hope this article provided you with the information you were looking for. I have many other articles online that may be of interest to you.
Ayurveda and Yoga Future of alternative medicine in India
Alternative Healthcare that refers to health practices, approaches, knowledge and beliefs incorporating plant, animal and mineral based medicines, spiritual therapies, manual techniques and exercises, applied singularly or in combination to treat, diagnose and prevent illnesses or maintain well-being healthcare have spread beyond health care institutions. It emphasizes a holistic approach, equilibrium between the mind, body and environment and an emphasis on promoting health rather than disease;The healing methods of the Far East (particularly China, India and Korea) are now finding increasing acceptance all over the world as an alternative line of treatment. For instance, the market for ayurvedic drugs is growing in the US with more and more Americans trying to ‘‘return to nature’’. According to recent research, about 18 million Americans practice yoga, making yoga- and its affiliated products and services an industry in itself in the USA. The market features the obvious, like mats, props, clothes, CD’s, videotapes, books, and DVD’s. It also features the not-so-obvious eye pillows, plastic toe-spreaders, and scented mat spray. This marks a trend of the increasing commercialization of spiritual and alternative healthcare practices.
Interestingly, herbal medicine accounts for 45 per cent of the European market. In fact, a WHO survey shows that 60 to 90 per cent of people in the UK rely on complimentary systems of medicine- which explains the renewed interest in these systems. Home to 15,000 medicinal plants, and as one of the 12 mega bio-diverse countries of the world.
The future of alternative medicine in India is bright. In a developing country like India, alternative systems of therapeutics, which encompass ayurveda, homoepathy, unani, reiki, pranic, healing, acupuncture, acupressure etc have a definite role to play in alleviating sickness- both chronic and acute. The cost-effectiveness, efficacy, low toxicity, and few adverse effects render them invaluable as viable alternatives to conventional medicine. Similarly, homoeopathy is now a widely accepted system of medicine that has a worldwide following.
Awakening to the potential, the Central Government has announced a separate national policy on the Indian Systems of Medicine & Homoeopathy (ISM&H) to boost and promote indigenous medicine. The Department of ISM&H has set up National Institutes India is sitting on a veritable green mine.
Indian position in each of the major disciplines which are meant to act as centers of excellence providing with quality patient care, teaching and research. These centers will play a pivotal role in improving teaching, patient care and research .
Some of these centers are
National Institute of Unani Medicine Bangalore
National Institute of Homoeopathy, Calcutta,
National Institute of Naturopathy, Pune
Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga, New Delhi
National Institute of Siddha, Chennai
Rashtriya Ayurveda Vidyapeeth, New Delhi
The health care infrastructure under Ayush available in India consists of 3,845 hospitals with 65,159-bed capacity, 23,630 dispensaries, 439 undergraduate colleges. 96 colleges having Post Graduate Departments 9,226 licensed manufacturing units and 6.95 lakh registered practitioners of Indian Systems of Medicine and Homoeopathy in the country. An outlay of Rs 775 crore has been allocated under the Tenth Five – Year Plan. The Plan allocation for 2004-2005 is Rs 181 crore.
With the opening of the Indian economy, Ayurveda has gained in popularity overseas which is reflected in thronging of Ayurvedic clinics in Kerala and other places by foreigners. Some of the therapies have naturally found a niche in hotels and resorts. As a result, Ayurveda mixed with tourism has become a great source of foreign exchange earnings.
According to CII, India has the potential to attract 1 million tourists per annum, which could contribute up to US $ 5 billion to the economy. The Ministry of Tourism is set to tap the great potential of international medical tourists visiting India. Most Indian states have either established themselves as destinations for health care and tourism or are building medical brand images. Add to this, Yogic healing, Transcendental Meditation (TM) along with alternate therapies of ayurveda in India has been repackaged and redefined and goes hand in hand with India’s rise in Health Tourism. According to a CII study “With yoga, meditation, ayurveda, allopathic, and other systems of medicine, India offers a unique basket of services to an individual that is difficult to match by other countries“.
What Are HGH Supplements?
Human Growth Hormone, also known as HGH, is a complex molecule composed of 191 amino acids. HGH is released from the pituitary gland of our brain in pulses. HGH is usually released from this part of the brain during the first phases of a deep sleep. HGH is then converted in the liver to make proteins that are vital to repair damaged tissue and bones. This is why HGH is typically injected into patients of burns and those recovering from surgery since it speeds up the healing process. Also because of its healing effects, may body builders take extra HGH in the form of supplements, whether it is through injections, oral sprays, pills, or powder form.
HGH supplements are known to improve strength and training effects, but it is debatable as to whether or not these HGH supplements are safe for your body. HGH is one of the most wonderful substances for longevity, strength and health. However, it has been said that it is only wonderful if you create it yourself the way nature intended you to, rather than putting extra into your body. HGH supplement shots are expensive and they usually don’t measure up to the results one gets from a good training program. Through a vigorous and a push-you-to-the-limit work out, you can produce enough HGH to save you several thousands of dollars on injections. Injections and HGH supplements are usually just for people looking for a shortcut, which, depending on who you are, can sometimes be a good thing.
It is only fair to list here some of the results that people who were involved in an HGH test received from taking HGH supplements. Some of these effects took 3 months to show up in those taking the test. Increased muscle mass and strength was the obvious result. Since their bodies were getting more HGH, they were repairing damaged muscles from weight training faster. Obviously, along with more muscle came less body fat. Some reported having more skin elasticity and a better skin texture. New hair growth was reported, but rare (and usually on body parts other than the scalp). An improved sexual function and potency was gained by some (by both men and women) and an improved memory and mood was also reported.
How To Build Muscles And Own That V-Shaped Upper Body?
Every guy who steps into the gym dreams of achieving that great classical V-shaped upper body that commands respect and attention. Many have trained for months, if not years and yet that V-shaped upper body just isn’t forth coming. Ever wondered why?
Before I show you various ways to achieve that glorious ‘V’, you must also be aware that the ‘V’ shape is also an illusion. If you have a wide thick back with a powerful chest, coupled with boulder-like deltoids, your ‘V’ will show up commandingly because those attributes will make your waist look small and thus accentuating the ‘V’ illusion.
To have a stupendous upper body, you MUST train your lower body. V-shapes will just be an ugly upper body shape if your legs are like bamboo poles. The excellent full body shape is called the X-frame. Just like those super heroes you see in comic books. If you don’t train legs, you are missing out on training the largest muscle mass. When training legs, many other upper body muscles especially the back and abs will be involved. This gives you the most muscle mass trained in one go. And because you are training so many muscles at one go, you secrete tons of growth hormones when you sleep, further enhancing overall muscle development for that perfect X-frame.
Another muscle group many people fail to pay attention to is the back. The back must be trained for thickness as well as width. Many back exercises also develop the rear deltoids and the trapezius which are very important to getting that ‘V’. When your back is thick, you will look powerful and with the width, it will make your waist look narrower, thus making the ‘V’ more pronounced. Do bar-bell row, deadlifts for a thick and powerful back. Chin-ups and push-ups (weighted and doing them in a slow controlled motion) will provide you the width or more commonly called ‘wings’.
Another very obvious V-shape illusion creator are your triceps. But most people pay more attention to the biceps than triceps. Why triceps then? Because your triceps, as the name ‘tri’ suggests, has three ‘heads’ and each ‘head’ must be dealt with when you exercise them. They are also 1/3 bigger than your biceps. By training the triceps hard, your upper arms will grow bigger faster, giving more berth to your upper body and again creating a narrow waistline illusion.
The best illusion-shapers are your deltoids. Your delts have 3 ‘heads’. However, most of the time, I see people only working out the front delts. When you develop your delts well, they will be round and boulder-like, and they make your shoulder wide and strong. Now, close your eyes and have a mental image of yourself with a wide thick back, big strong triceps… now, do you see that ‘V’? Add lateral raise, bent-over lat-raisers and upright rows to your routine.
How to have a beautiful ‘V’ if your abs are flabby? Forget the side crunches and side bends. It will only make your waistline thicker. Go on a lose fat program by combining weight lifting, cardio exercises and eating correctly. Your abs will show in no time.
Ahh… to finally stamp your authority in the gym and at the beach, a wide and powerful gladiator’s chest will put you ahead of the pack! Train your chest heavy with dumbbells, barbells and cables machines. Use incline benches rather than flat or declining ones. You want to build the upper chest and not targeting the lower chest in case it gets you the droop or saggy chest which we call ‘bitch tits’. Although the pec is one huge muscle, it can be targeted at different places to recruit different fibres to shape it.
Homocysteines and Folic Acid
Homocysteine is an amino acid, which can over time accumulate with other substances like calcium in the blood and form plaque. This can cause arterosclerosis and the development of heart disease.
The complex chemical formula: C4H9NO2S denotes homocysteines. Simply put, there are three B vitamins which can reduce homocysteine levels in the blood thus preventing cardiovascular damage. These are vitamins B6, B12 and folic acid.
The possibility that folic acid might be linked to heart health has been asserted since 1969. It was only that recently when Dr. Kilmer McCully suggested that elevated homocysteine levels were present in patients with various fatal cardiovascular diseases. His observations were based on his work as a pathologist. He had seen fatal cardiovascular cases caused by defects in young people. From this correlation between homocysteines and arteriosclerosis came the research to find the cause of the homocysteine.
Now, 37 years after Dr. McCully’s observation, there are many studies which support the link between lower homocysteine levels and proper intake of B vitamins. There is speculation now, though not yet substantiated that there may also be a relationship between homocysteines and neuro tube birth defects(NTD). It may if fact be that there is a further relationship between homocysteine levels and Alzheimer’s disease.
Study of folic acid is still relatively new, as is the body of knowledge about micronutrients in general. There was not any identification of this vitamin at all until the 1930’s. This B vitamin is also called folate and vitamin B9.
Folic acid is a water soluble vitamin and these are very rarely toxic. Intake of fat soluble vitamin needs more careful adherence to recommended dietary intake levels because of the fact that excessive amounts of these are stored in the body. Conversely, water soluble vitamins are used very soon after the intake of them and any excessive dosages are normally excreted within a few days in the urine.
Regardless of the mechanism involved, it is now known that B vitamins are needed by the human body which cannot synthesize them.
Adults over the age of 19 need to take 400 mcg of folic acid daily. Pregnant women need to take 600 mcg while lactating women need 500 mcg of folic acid intake per day.
In 1998 it became mandatory for folic acid to fortify all grain products in the United States. Other countries have followed the U.S. lead and still others are considering doing so. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta has reported about a 25% reduction in the incidence of NTD’s since the 1998 regulation was passed. It will be interesting to see if future studies can report similar reductions in heart disease because of the required fortification which adds about 100mcg per day to the average American’s diet.
Generally speaking supplements of folic acid have better bioavailability than many of the folates found in foods so eating fortified grains may be the best source of folates. Since folate has less bioavailability than folic acid a term–dietary folic equivalent (DFE)–is often used to express the amount of folates in various foods.
Ayurvedic Medicine Goes Global
The world seems to have very quickly become a much smaller place, with technology easily allowing information and ideas to be instantly shared throughout the world. This has been especially useful in allowing eastern approaches to health and healing, such as Ayurvedic medicine, to reach the West to a greater degree than it ever has before, broadening valuable medical knowledge and the pool of options for treating illness and maintaining health.
While sources differ on just how far back into time and history Ayurvedic medicine goes, for the most part it is agreed that this form of medicine has been practiced in India for thousands of years. Ayurveda is an accepted part of medical treatment in India, relied upon for generations. It is not unusual for a city to have a hospital practicing Ayurvedic medicine and another that offers Western-style Allopathic concepts of health care and maintenance.
In the highly industrialized nations of the west, Ayurvedic medicine tends to be placed in the categories of alternative medicine and complementary care. Many describe it as being a holistic form of medicine, because in addition to using knowledge of herbs and other substances to create preparations for the treatment of illness and disease, Ayurvedic medicine is also concerned with over all or holistic well-being and balance as a means of healing, health maintenance and sickness prevention.
Bits and pieces of India’s Ayurvedic knowledge trickled into the West with travelers and tradesmen, and then later on, via those westerners that participated in the British occupation of the nation. In the 20th century, the flow of Ayurvedic knowledge reaching the West increased with immigration and the ease of international travel. During the counterculture era of 1960’s and 1970’s, fascination with the east and Indian culture blossomed, setting the stage for its dramatic increase in popularity during the late part of the 20thcentury. While, in part, that increase was driven by well-known personalities, such as Deepak Chopra, it was also helped along by the Internet making world knowledge readily available across the globe.
The interest that the remarkable potentials of Ayurvedic medicine has garnered in recent years can be illustrated by a fascinating legal case, in which the University of Mississippi Medical Center made an attempt to patent one of the common, ancient ingredients used in many Ayurvedic preparations for thousands of years: the common cooking spice turmeric. After a long court battle, the university’s patent was denied, a well-deserved and important victory for the people of India and their Ayurvedic practitioners.
As we progress through the 21st century, it can truly be said that Ayurvedic medicine has gone global, gaining international interest and respect as an alternative means of caring for physical and mental health. Many of the Ayurvedic medicinal preparations that have made it into Western clinical trials have provided promising results. This will ensure that these traditional Eastern treatments will continue to engage researchers in the West for years to come.
Internet Pharmacies: Helpful or Not?
The conventional way of buying drugs wherein a person has to drive to the drugstore to fill a prescription is starting to appear as an inconvenience, especially now that internet pharmacies have started appearing left and right. People are now relying on the world wide web to get their medications, all in the click of a button. But are internet pharmacies helpful? Or do they just cause further inconvenience?
Let‘s start with the advantages most internet pharmacies claim to offer if one should choose to buy medications from them.
It eliminates the need to travel to the pharmacy. All a person needs to order is a computer, a steady internet connection, and a credit card to pay. The medicine is delivered straight to your doorstep. No need to pick up the order package from some place.
The medicine prices are less expensive. Compared to prices in a conventional drugstores, a lot of internet pharmacies sell medications at a relatively cheaper price.
It also lowers the cost of traveling to the pharmacy and back.
They do not require prescription to sell prescription narcotics to their customers. They claim to be able to diagnose and write a prescription just by reading the information you submit through their online medical questionnaires.
The advantages mentioned above do come with its negative aspects, these disadvantages include:
Identity theft. Other people may use another person‘s identity through the personal information entered in the online medical questionnaire supposedly used by internet pharmacies to diagnose and prescribe medications.
Credit card fraud. Financial information entered to pay for order can be used by shady individuals to place unauthorized purchases and orders to different stores.
Knock-off medications. Illegal internet pharmacies may send out counterfeit drugs, out-of-date medications, or drugs in incorrect doses.
Serious drug interaction. As these online pharmacies do not require a valid prescription, they may sell you medicine that may cause a serious drug interaction or trigger an allergic reaction.
With all the pros and cons laid out to you, here are a few tips on how to distinguish a good internet pharmacy:
Check the National Association of Board of Pharmacy (NABP) if the online drugstore you are checking out is a Verified Internet Pharmacy Practice Site (VIPPS).
Contact your local pharmacy board to determine if the internet pharmacy you‘re going to order from is licensed to dispense medication in your state.
Have a physical check up to have a proper diagnosis of your condition and an valid prescription for the medication you‘re going to order online.
Look for internet pharmacies that require a valid prescription before processing your order. Even an expert doctor won‘t be able to come up with a precise diagnosis by just reading a medical questionnaire.
Look for online drugstores that offer the service of a licensed pharmacist to assist in you with any queries or concerns regarding the medicines.
Even if online pharmacies offer a lot of convenient features, there are a lot more things you need to consider than just that. Your safety and your health may be put in jeopardy just because you thought a short trip to the pharmacy was too much of a hassle.
Herbal Remedies vs. Conventional Medicine
There are two main philosophies around the treatment of illnesses. The conventional approach looks at disease as the actual problem, whereas the holistic approach, which utilizes herbal remedies, sees the disease as an outcome of systems dysfunctioning within the body. In conventional medicine, the illness is treated as a series of symptoms seen as a result of the illness that unfortunately occurred within the body. Medicinal treatments function to soothe these symptoms and enable management of the disease. Unfortunately, these “medicines” are wrought with negative and uncomfortable side effects. This is because treatment usually involves poisoning and killing the bad bacteria, cells, mold, or whatever that has been identified as bringing on the illness. However, this also means that the good cells, bacteria, and so on, which are the very components most needed during illness, are also killed, casualties of the treatment. The result is that such treatments further weaken the systems within the body, leaving it even more susceptible to illness, which often create a vicious downward spiral of illness followed by treatment, followed by more illness, and possibly death.
Another philosophy, the holistic approach, uses natural healing methods, including herbal remedies, which enable the body to heal itself. The practitioner doctor looks at the body as a whole, viewing all systems working harmoniously together to run the amazing machine that is our body; this is where the word “holistic” comes from. When there is a breakdown within one or more systems, the doctor looks for the cause of the breakdown, such as the body being exposed to too much continued stress and over-tiredness, resulting in a shortage of certain vitamins or minerals, all which contribute to the system lacking the materials needed to run efficiently. Herbs can be chosen to add needed vitamins and minerals to gradually and gently balance deficiencies within the body. The above is just a simple example of how herbal remedies can be incorporated into care. In many cases, herbal remedies can be used to augment specific areas within the body. An example would be the body suffering from an invasive virus causing cold or flu. Eating large amounts of raw garlic will quickly stop the virus in its tracks. This is because garlic, called the number one antibiotic for herbs, contains allicin, a strong antibiotic agent, and sulphur compounds, which strengthen the immune system as well as fight infection. An antibiotic remedy, called the “Enhanced Garlic Formula”, calls for 1 part each of garlic powder and powdered calcium ascorbate (form of vitamin C) mixed with ¼ part Cayenne powder (L. Thomas, 1992).
One of the benefits around the use of herbal remedies is there are almost never any negative side effects, when used correctly. Carefully chosen herbs work gently on the body, and are not intrusive. Also, because it is natural, herbs tend to complement the body’s systems, instead of working or fighting against them. Herbal remedies can be used as both a preventative measure as well as a way to help balance the body when it has broken down and is suffering from chronic illness, such as cancer, stroke, heart attack, or high blood pressure. For example, hawthorn- dried berries, leaves, or flowers- is the primary herb for toning and strengthening the heart and cardiovascular system. It is a very safe internal herb for the heart, and can be used for congestive heart failure and angina, among other conditions. Hawthorn increases blood flow to the heart muscle itself, counteracting death resulting from heart attack, which is from lack of blood flow to the heart. The recommended dosage of hawthorn for those with heart disease is 300-450 milligrams every day. As a preventative measure, 100-150 mg will do. Of course any treatment should be overseen by a qualified doctor well versed with the actions and interactions of herbs, and may be used jointly with conventional medicine. However, many have found herbal treatment to work well enough on its own, when care is being properly directed from a qualified person.
Many conventional drugs used today to treat various illnesses originated from the natural healing properties found in herbs. A good example is aspirin, which was originally derived from willow bark for its salicylic content. Through the years, scientists found ways to isolate beneficial compounds found in medicinal plants and create them synthetically in a lab. This was done for multiple reasons. It was more cost effective, as plants vary in potency depending on where they are grown, as well as the growing conditions, which, when these compounds are simplified and copied, can be controlled. With synthetic production, risk of contamination from wrongly identified plant specimen or even contamination from pesticides and other conditions can also be eliminated. And most important, it was economically advantageous to isolate – and patent – individual components of the medicinal herbs seen as beneficial to combating illness.
However, with the introduction and predominant use of synthetic drugs on the market, other unforeseen issues cropped up. The main drawback to these synthetics is its very unpleasant and frequently dangerous side effects that range from mild allergic reactions to poisoning the body’s systems to the point of shutdown. The culprit is usually the result of synthetic medicines using potent compounds that were initially isolated from plants, but were not copied over in entirety. (Remember the patent approach). A simplified example is vitamin C, which has only recently been found to work incompletely within the body because, among other things, was missing flavonoids. Scientists still are far from having a complete understanding of the human body, and as a result, synthetic medicine can have unforeseen and long-lasting destruction on the body. The best that medicine can be expected to do at this time is manage the effects of disease and illness, with the hope that enough of the negative cells and bacteria are eliminated before the whole body system collapses.
The holistic approach centers on prevention and identifying at-risk areas of health before it becomes a problem. Conventional medicine has become little more than disease management. Conventional medicine may be beneficial for acute injuries, such as a car accident, broken bones, heat stroke, frostbite, and the like; however chronic conditions such as the flu, diabetes, heart disease, and cancer can all benefit from a more holistic approach that incorporates herbal remedies into a regimen of care.
10 Signs You May Be Addicted To Painkillers
Each year, more than 2 million Americans are given powerful prescription painkillers that contain opiods (sometimes called narcotics) for the relief of pain and discomfort brought on by injury, surgery, menstrual cramps, and even headaches. But a growing number of people taking these medications are becoming addicted to them. And it‘s not hard to understand why.
Drugs such as Vicodin, Percocet, and Methadone block pain all the way from the nerve endings in the skin to the spinal cord to the brain. Once these drugs reach the brain, they open the floodgates for the chemical dopamine, which triggers feelings of well-being. Dopamine, in effect, rewires the brain to become accustomed to those pleasant feelings. So when you stop taking the pain-killer, your body will still have a strong craving for the dopamine. This is what makes it so hard to quit. Symptoms of withdrawal can include restlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea, vomiting, cold flashes with goose bumps (which is the origin of the term “cold turkey“), and involuntary leg movements. Better to avoid getting hooked in the first place.
Chemical dependency can happen to anyone, and it can easily sneak up on you. Here are 10 things you should look out for if you or someone you know is currently taking prescription painkillers:
1. An increase in usage
As time goes by, the effects of the initial dose will lessen, prompting a desire for stronger or more frequent doses of the prescribed medication. This is a clear indication that whatever amount they have been taking is no longer providing the same level of relief.
2. Personality changes
Changes in a person‘s normal behavior can be a sign of dependency. Shifts in energy, mood, and concentration may occur as every day responsibilities become secondary to the need for the relief the prescription provides.
3. Withdrawing socially
This is one of the clearest signs of a dependency problem. Spending more time alone and away from friends and family and social gatherings is a cause for concern.
4. Continuing meds too long
Extending the prescription beyond the initial period, especially after the condition has improved, can be the beginning of an endless cycle. The patient may even believe he or she is still in pain and simply needs to stay on the meds for a few more weeks or months. He or she might even express anger toward a doctor who questions the need to renew the prescription.
5. Too much time spent getting meds
There are no lengths to which a chemically dependent person will not go to obtain the drugs they think they need. This can become an all-consuming obsession, including traveling long distances and visiting many doctors. When getting the drugs seems to be the number one priority, the situation is getting out of hand.
6. Habits and appearance changes
A deterioration in physical appearance and grooming—including not bathing or shaving regularly—is a common result of drug addiction. There may be a general look of unhealthiness, such as persistent coughing and red eyes. Sleeping and eating patterns often become irregular.
7. Failure to meet responsibilities
Sudden changes in work or school attendance and a decline in quality of work or grades are common, as well as forgetting to pay bills and missing appointments.
8. Becoming oversensitive
One consequence of using potent drugs is that the body‘s response to any sort of stimulation is heightened. For example, a person may have an overly emotional reaction to traffic noise or bright lights—possibly including hallucinations.
9. Forgetfulness and blacking out
A person who is suffering from chemical dependency will forget things that have happened and may even experience memory gaps of several hours.
10. Denial and becoming defensive
Presented with even a hint that they may be addicted, those hooked on drugs will vehemently deny it. The harder you push, the more defensive they are like to get. They might even react to simple questions with an angry outburst.
Additional signs of chemical dependency include an inability to relax or have fun, talking incoherently or making inappropriate remarks, and expressing feelings of exhaustion, depression, and hopelessness.
Remember that painkillers are a blessing that can turn into a curse. And that it is a lot easier to avoid becoming addicted than it is to recover from drug addiction. As long as you follow your doctor‘s instructions (and you have others around you to make sure you do), these prescription medications will what they were designed to do—and nothing more.
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Cytoskeleton-the cellular scaffold
The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers throughout the cell‘s cytoplasm that helps the cell maintain its shape and gives support to the cell. It is a cellular scaffolding or skeleton contained within the cytoplasm, present in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. It is a dynamic structure that maintains cell shape, often protects the cell, enables cellular motion (using structures such as flagella, cilia and lamellipodia), and plays important roles in both intracellular transport (the movement of vesicles and organelles, for example) and cellular division.
The eukaryote cytoskeleton is composed of three different types of fibres: microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments, which are differentiated by their size, with microtubules being the thickest and microfilaments being the thinnest. Microfilaments are solid rods made of globular proteins called actin and are common to all eukaryotic cells. Microfilaments range from 5 to 9 nanometers in diameter and are designed to bear large amounts of tension. In association with myosin, microfilaments help to generate the forces used in cellular contraction and basic cell movements. The filaments also enable a dividing cell to pinch off into two cells and are involved in amoeboid movements of certain types of cells. Intermediate filaments, 8 to 12 nanometers in diameter, are more stable (strongly bound) than actin filaments, and heterogeneous constituents of the cytoskeleton. They are prominent in cells that withstand mechanical stress and are the most insoluble part of the cell. Each intermediate filament monomer consists of an alpha helical rod domain which coils around another filament like a rope to form a dimer. The intermediate filaments are classified into five types: Types I-Acidic Keratin, Types II-Basic Keratin, Type III intermediate filaments are distributed in a number of cell types, including vimentin in fibroblasts, endothelial cells and leukocytes; desmin in muscle; glial fibrillary acidic factor in astrocytes and other types of glia, and peripherin in peripheral nerve fibers, Type IV-Neurofilament H (heavy), M (medium) and L (low), Type IV-internexin and Type V are the lamins which have a nuclear signal sequence so they can form a filamentous support inside the inner nuclear membrane. Microtubules, the third principal component of the cytoskeleton, are rigid hollow rods approximately 25 nm in diameter. Like actin filaments, microtubules are dynamic structures that undergo continual assembly and disassembly within the cell. Microtubules are composed of a single type of globular protein, called tubulin which is a dimer consisting of two closely related 55-kd polypeptides, alpha-tubulin and beta-tubulin. In addition, a third type of tubulin (gamma-tubulin) is specifically localized to the centrosome, where it plays a critical role in initiating microtubule assembly. Tubulin dimers polymerize to form microtubules, which generally consist of 13 linear protofilaments assembled around a hollow core. The protofilaments, which are composed of head-to-tail arrays of tubulin dimers, are arranged in parallel. Microtubules function both to determine cell shape and in a variety of cell movements, including some forms of cell locomotion, the intracellular transport of organelles, and the separation of chromosomes during mitosis.
Apart from eukaryotes, the prokaryote cytoskeleton consists of various proteins like FtsZ, MreB, ParM and crescentin which are involved in the maintenance of cell shape.
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